Sandusky fondled a kid in the shower in 1998. The kid told his mother, who called PSU. University police were notified, but it does not seem like any serious investigation was ever conducted. Sandusky was advised not to shower with kids anymore. I gotta think this incident led to Paterno forcing Sandusky out.
In 2000 a janitor saw Sandusky engaging in sexual activities with a boy in the showers of the FB building again. The janitor reported it to his immediate supervisor, but neither the janitor or supervisor took it any further. It seems they were afraid of losing their jobs.
Then the 2002 rape occurred, which was witnessed by a graduate assistant. The GA claims he told Paterno about the incident in graphic detail, and Paterno told the AD about it. The AD then interviewed the GA; again, the GA claims he told the AD about it in graphic detail. The AD claims the incident was described as "horsing around," and that there was never any indication that it was sexual in nature. The grand jury did not believe the AD's testimony, which is why he is being charged with perjury.
That is 3 incidents between 1998-2002, all with credible witnesses, 2 of which were reported to the AD.
You have to wonder how many total people have turned a blind eye to this. Clearly the GA, Paterno, the AD, the man in charge of PSU police, the janitors, and probably many more. I find it hard to believe Sandusky's wife had no idea. I am sure many of the other PSU coaches heard rumblings. If this was swept under the rug to protect "the program," it is one of the most despicable things to ever happen in college athletics, and everyone involved should be prosecuted harshly.
However, I get the suspicion that it was less a coverup, and more a sad reflection on human nature. Sandusky is a creep and needs to be destroyed. Most of the other people mixed up in this would probably be described by others as good people, people who want to do the right thing. Yet through some combination of denial, hesitancy to get involved in something so ugly, and a strong sense of self-preservation, they convinced themselves that either nothing was going on, or that what was going on wasn't that bad.
We all hope to God that we would have more strength and sense than that, and we can swear to the mountain tops that we would, but ultimately we never know until being put in that position. I am in no way excusing, just commenting that most people look out for their own interests first and foremost, and protecting others, especially those they don't know, is often an afterthought.