I work for a company that sells insulin and other products for patients with diabetes. Nasty, nasty disease and it as not going anywhere in the US as long as we continue to eat like we do and not exercise.
Three major complications include Diabetic Nephropathy, Diabetic Neuropathy and Diabetic Retinopathy. Nephropathy is caused by uncontrolled high blood sugar levels over time, which can lead to kidney damage and ultimately kidney failure. It can be tough to diagnose, as early onset is symptom free.
Neuropathy is what has most likely caused Coach Parker to have to go through a series of amputations. Once again, uncontrolled blood sugars over time lead to nerve damage, especially in the extremities. An early sign of this may be a tingling sensation in your feet. As diabetes progresses, your feet may become numb and you may not notice a blister or scratch or cut, which could then lead to infection as others have mentioned earlier. This is why it is extremely important for patients with diabetes to check their feet on a regular basis.
Retinopathy is the third major problem. This is nerve damage in your eyes because of uncontrolled blood sugars over time. This can lead to poor eye site as the disease progress and possibly even blindness.
Other complications can include heart disease, stroke, erectile dysfunction, etc... Much of the time patients with diabetes have high blood pressure and high cholesterol as well.
The important thing to note is that Type 2 Diabetes is preventable. It is due to obesity, over-eating and lack of exercise. Type 1 Diabetes is not preventable, yet treatable and it can be hereditary.
In a nutshell, as blood sugars rise over time, people begin to lose beta cell function. Beta cells are found in the pancreas and are stimulated when blood sugar levels are high to produce insulin. Insulin helps regulate high blood sugars in our bodies. When there is too much sugar, beta cells work harder to produce insulin and can burn out over time. This is why a patient with diabetes may eventually have to go on insulin as their body just cannot produce enough insulin to counteract the high sugar levels. Beta cell burnout is irreversible!
Regular diet and exercise goes along ways in the prevention of type 2 diabetes. For those who do have diabetes, please make lifestyle modifications, monitor your bloods sugars on a daily basis and make sure the medicine you are taking is working appropriately.
I am not trying to preach good health by any means, as I have my own struggles. However, many people do not understand what diabetes is, let alone the complications that come with the disease.
Hope this helps!